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Tumor Markers

PSA levels: what do they tell you about your prostate health?

PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) is a protein produced by prostate gland cells. PSA is naturally present in men at low levels, and many factors — including benign prostate enlargement (BPH), prostatitis, vigorous exercise, and sexual activity — can raise PSA levels without any malignant cause. Results must always be interpreted by a qualified healthcare provider.

Turnaround 48 hours, estimate Turnaround: up to 48 hours after your blood draw (estimate).

Reference Ranges

Male
ug/l
Normal < 4 High

Reference values can vary between laboratories. Discuss your results with your GP for explanation and treatment decisions.

PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen): what this test measures

PSA measures the total blood concentration of prostate-specific antigen, a serine protease enzyme produced almost exclusively by prostate cells. Elevated blood PSA may reflect a larger prostate volume, inflammation, or increased cellular permeability.

PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen): why this value matters

PSA monitoring is widely used for prostate health assessment. Tracking PSA velocity (rate of change) over time provides important information. Because PSA rises with age and is influenced by many benign factors, a single result is rarely definitive. Always consult a healthcare provider for interpretation.

PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen): how the blood test works

Referral
No GP referral needed. After the order we arrange the referral through ZorgDomein, within one business day; orders after 17:00 or at the weekend start on the next business day. ZorgDomein emails a barcode, and that barcode is what the draw site needs.
The draw
A blood draw from a vein in the arm, at a partner laboratory's draw site. No home kit, no finger prick.
Results
Turnaround: up to 48 hours after your blood draw (estimate).
Where
650+ draw sites run by independent laboratories across the Netherlands. Draw sites

PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen): how to prepare

  1. No hard training beforehand

    Required

    No heavy training, long endurance sessions or anything that leaves you out of breath in the 48 hours before the draw. Normal walking is fine.

  2. No ejaculation and no cycling beforehand

    Required

    No ejaculation, no sex and no cycling in the 48 hours before the draw. Have the blood taken before any prostate exam, at least 6 weeks after a biopsy and 4 weeks after a urinary infection.

  • Water is always fine. Drink as usual beforehand, it makes the draw easier.
  • Take your usual medication, unless your own doctor told you otherwise.

PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen): when is testing worthwhile?

PSA testing recommendations vary by age, family history, and ethnicity. Many healthcare providers recommend discussing PSA testing from age 50 (or earlier for those with higher risk). Avoid vigorous exercise, sexual activity, and prostate-stimulating procedures in the 48 hours before a PSA test.

PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen): symptoms of a high or low value

Low Levels

Low PSA levels within the normal range are generally reassuring. PSA levels naturally vary with age.

High Levels

An elevated PSA does not cause symptoms. Symptoms that may lead to PSA testing include: frequent urination, weak urine flow, difficulty starting urination, nocturia, blood in urine or semen. These more commonly reflect benign conditions such as BPH or prostatitis.

PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen): lifestyle and this value

Maintaining a healthy weight, regular physical activity, a diet rich in vegetables and fruit (particularly lycopene-containing tomatoes), and limiting red and processed meat may support prostate health. Always discuss prostate health concerns with your healthcare provider.

PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen): frequently asked questions

Does a high PSA mean prostate cancer?

No. Many benign conditions — most commonly BPH and prostatitis — cause PSA to rise. Vigorous cycling and sex can also temporarily raise PSA.

What is PSA velocity?

PSA velocity is the rate of change in PSA levels over time. A rapidly rising PSA — even within normal range — can be more significant than a static elevated value.

Should I avoid anything before a PSA test?

You should avoid vigorous exercise (especially cycling), sexual activity, and digital rectal examination for at least 48 hours before your test.

Results without a doctor's assessment

You receive your values with the unit and reference range. A doctor's assessment is not part of this site. Discuss your results with your GP for explanation and treatment decisions.

PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen)

€29,-